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（新春走基层）青海“一号水利”工程：历经27年建设，收官战紧锣密鼓******
中新网西宁1月18日电 题：青海“一号水利”工程：历经27年建设，收官战紧锣密鼓
作者 庞彩英 贾克文 张添福
作为一名钢筋工，24岁的黄恩堂已经参与过青海“一号水利”工程——引大济湟工程西干渠7个隧洞的修建。
“引大济湟”工程从1958年开始构想，1996年陆续开工建设，是一项跨流域的大型调水工程，从青海省东北部大通河调水，穿越祁连山余脉达坂山引入湟水河，是青海有史以来建设规模最大、综合效益最广、受益民众最多、建设条件最复杂的战略性调水工程。
“引大济湟”工程攻克诸多世界性工程难题，其中的调水总干渠、西干渠、北干渠一期及二期工程干支渠总长达1143公里，连通5座重要水库(石头峡、黑泉、大石门、南门峡、松多)、272个隧洞、290个渡槽、117个倒虹吸；西干渠、北干渠一期及二期工程田间配套项目管线达5990公里，包括2299座蓄水池、86395个各类井池和给水栓。
图为引水隧洞施工。 贾克文 摄自2017年5月份以来，黄恩堂回甘肃老家的次数屈指可数。为了赶工期，他和工友们决定今年春节也不回家：“春节不能回家和亲人团聚是有点遗憾，但是想到自己能为水利项目建设出一份力，我也十分自豪”。
位于青海省西宁市大通县大哈门村的引大济湟西干渠32号洞，海拔2800米左右，洞外温度低于县城5至6摄氏度，为确保项目如期完工，春节期间，将有30多名项目建设者放弃回家与亲人团聚的机会，选择坚守岗位，奋战在施工一线。
“32号洞在前期地质勘查时，发现有8条断层，仅破碎的V类围岩就有3123米，占隧洞总长的72%。同时，洞内地下水丰富，最多的时候每天出水量达12000立方米，增加了施工难度和安全风险。”西干渠第二标项目经理张东星说。
“越是逢年过节，施工安全、质量问题越不能掉以轻心。”张东星说，“所以我们每天都要对洞内的建设情况进行反复的检查，确保施工安全”。
为了让一线工人在施工现场也能过一个快乐、祥和的春节，项目部通过发放慰问品、保障节日伙食、积极落实工资等举措，确保工人们在工地上干得舒心、干得放心。
“我们倒排工期抢抓进度，全体员工情绪高涨，我们力争在四月底完成砼衬砌施工任务，为新时代、新征程水利事业作出应有的贡献。”张东星说。
32号洞所在的西干渠工程位于青海省东部湟水流域，北起大通县黑泉水库，南至湟中区甘河园区。工程建成后，将充分发挥引大济湟工程的整体效益，缓解湟水北川河西岸水资源供需矛盾，满足甘河园区的用水需求，同时将增加项目区灌溉面积，改善生态环境，提高农民收入。
“目前，引大济湟工程主体建设已全部完成，进入收官收尾阶段。”青海省引大济湟工程建设运行局局长张伟峰说，“我们引大济湟西干渠(大通段)项目工作人员在春节期间，也将坚守在项目一线，紧盯工程建设进度及时做好工程验收、设计变更和完工结算工作，完成西干渠、北干渠二期工程剩余田间配套项目建设。”
在张伟峰眼里，最大的新春愿望是与工人们一道，全力以赴打赢引大济湟工程收官战，尽快让工程全面发挥效益。
青海省水利厅此前对外表示，目前，经过27年建设，引大济湟调水总干渠、北干渠一期、黑泉水库、石头峡水库等已建成发挥效益，北干渠二期工程、西干渠工程建设进入收尾阶段。十年来，引大济湟工程已建成项目已累计向西宁市供水1.94亿立方米，共调蓄灌溉水量40.85亿立方米，累计向下游河道生态补水3.94亿立方米。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
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